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The streets and highways of Washington, D.C., form the core of the city's surface transportation infrastructure. As a planned city, streets in the capital of the United States follow a distinctive layout and addressing scheme. There are of public roads in the city, of which are owned and maintained by the District government. ==City layout== The District of Columbia was created to serve as the permanent national capital in 1790. Within the District, a new capital city was founded in 1791 to the east of a preexisting settlement at Georgetown. The original street layout in the new City of Washington was designed by Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant (see L'Enfant Plan).〔L'Enfant identified himself as "Peter Charles L'Enfant" during most of his life, while residing in the United States. He wrote this name on his ("Plan of the city intended for the permanent seat of the government of t(he) United States ...." ) (Washington, D.C.) and on other legal documents. However, during the early 1900s, a French ambassador to the U.S., Jean Jules Jusserand, popularized the use of L'Enfant's birth name, "Pierre Charles L'Enfant". (Reference: Bowling, Kenneth R (2002). ''Peter Charles L'Enfant: vision, honor, and male friendship in the early American Republic.'' George Washington University, Washington, D.C. ISBN 978-0-9727611-0-9). The United States Code states in : "(a) In General.—The purposes of this chapter shall be carried out in the District of Columbia as nearly as may be practicable in harmony with the plan of Peter Charles L'Enfant." The National Park Service identifies L'Enfant as "(Major Peter Charles L'Enfant )" and as "(Major Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant )" on its website.〕 As a planned city, Washington was modeled in the Baroque style and incorporated avenues radiating out from rectangles, providing room for open space and landscaping. At L'Enfant's request, Thomas Jefferson provided plans of cities such as Amsterdam, Paris, Frankfurt, Karlsruhe and Milan, which he had brought back from Europe in 1788.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Papers of George Washington: Presidential Series, 8 )〕 His design also envisioned a garden-lined "grand avenue" approximately in length and wide in the area that is now the National Mall.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Map 1: The L'Enfant Plan for Washington )〕 The City of Washington was bounded to the north by Boundary Street (now Florida Avenue) at the base of the escarpment of the Atlantic Seaboard Fall Line, to the southeast by the Anacostia River, to the southwest by the Potomac River and to the west by Rock Creek.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The L'Enfant and McMillan Plans )〕 In March 1792, President Washington dismissed L'Enfant due to his insistence on micromanaging the city's planning, which had resulted in conflicts with the three commissioners appointed by Washington to supervise the capital's construction. Andrew Ellicott, who had worked with L'Enfant surveying the city, was then commissioned to complete the plans. Though Ellicott made revisions to the original plans, including changes to some street patterns, L'Enfant is still credited with the overall design of the city.〔(The L'Enfant and McMillan Plans ) ''in'' ("Washington, D.C., A National Register of Historic Places Travel Inventory" ) ''in'' (official website of the U.S. National Park Service ) Retrieved 2008-08-14.〕〔The U.S. National Archives holds a copy of "''Ellicott's engraved Plan superimposed on the Plan of L'Enfant showing the changes made in the engraved Plan under the direction of President Washington''". See "''Scope & Contents''" page of "''Archival Description''" for National Archives holding of "Miscellaneous Oversize Prints, Drawings and Posters of Projects Associated with the Commission of Fine Arts, compiled 1893 - 1950", ARC Identifier 518229/Local Identifier 66-M; Series from Record Group 66: Records of the Commission of Fine Arts, 1893 - 1981. Record of holding obtained through search in (Archival Descriptions Search of ARC - Archival Research Catalog ) using search term ''L'Enfant Plan Ellicott'', 2008-08-22.〕 The District is divided into four quadrants of unequal area: Northwest (NW), Northeast (NE), Southeast (SE), and Southwest (SW). The axes bounding the quadrants radiate from the U.S. Capitol building. All road names include the quadrant abbreviation to indicate their location, and house numbers are assigned based on the approximate number of blocks away from the Capitol. In most of the city, the streets are set out in a grid pattern with east–west streets named with letters (''e.g.'', C Street SW) and north–south streets with numbers (''e.g.'', 4th Street NW). Two avenues, Constitution Avenue and Independence Avenue, line each side of the Mall.〔 Many of the diagonal streets and avenues in Washington are named after states. Some of these streets are particularly noteworthy, such as Pennsylvania Avenue, which connects the White House with the U.S. Capitol and Massachusetts Avenue, a section of which is informally known as Embassy Row given the number of foreign embassies located along the street. Important to note, there is no J Street in any quadrant. This is because, until the mid-19th century, the letters "I" and "J" were indistinguishable when written. Following that same idea, "I" Street is often written as "Eye" Street, to distinguish it from the letter "L" and the numeral "1", and "Q" Street, is often written "Que," "Cue," or "Queue." Urban legend had said that J Street was omitted deliberately by L'Enfant due to a dispute with John Jay, the first Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court; however, this was later proven to be a myth.〔http://www.snopes.com/history/american/jstreet.htm〕 Jay Street NE runs through the Deanwood neighborhood; it does not belong to the series of lettered streets. In a nod to this, a food court in the student union at The George Washington University is named J Street; J Street is also the name of a Jewish lobbying organization and several companies operating in the District. There are also no X, Y, or Z streets in any quadrant, and most or all of A and B streets are called by other names in the Mall area.〔https://www.google.com/maps/place?ftid=0x89b7b830a24cc073:0xec25a59d9dc0360f&q=A+Street+Northeast,+Washington+D.C.,+DC&hl=en&ved=0CA0Q-gswAA&sa=X&ei=LI46UKGrJaSu6AHegoDwCQ&sig2=lrx2y-95sDyuR4IYVkKzCw〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Streets and highways of Washington, D.C.」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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